Forced Labor
What is forced labor?
See the ILO's fact sheet and a selected bibliography on forced labor.
See the ILO's Forced Labour Statistics, Forced Labour Stories, and Forced Labour in Latin America.
Facts About Human Trafficking and The Facts About Human Trafficking for Forced Labor (U.S. Department of State, 2005)
Fact Sheet No. 14, Contemporary Forms of Slavery (Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, 1991)
ILO Conventions
Reports
- ILO reports on The Elimination of All Forms of Forced or Compulsory Labour 2004, 2003, 2002, and 2001
- A Global Alliance against Forced Labor: Global Reports under the Follow-Up to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (ILO, 2005)
- Human Trafficking and Forced Labour Exploitation: Guidance for Legislation and Law Enforcement (ILO, 2005)
- Forced Labour: Definition, Indicators and Measurement (ILO, 2004)
- Stopping Forced Labour: Global Report Under the Follow-up to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (ILO, 2001)
- Trafficking in Persons Report (U.S. Department of State, 2005)
- Forced Labour and Human Trafficking: Estimating the Profits (ILO, 2005)
Case Studies
- Unocal: The Unocal Settlement: Implications for the Developing Law on Corporate Complicity in Human Rights Abuses (HRB, 2005)
- Nepal: Sustainable Elimination of Bonded Labor in Nepal (ILO, 2005)
- China: Forced Labor and Trafficking: The Role of Labor Institution in Law Enforcement and International Cooperation (ILO, 2007)
- Germany: Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation in Germany (ILO, 2005)
- Pakistan: Unfree Labor in Pakistan: Work, Debt, and Bondage in Brick Kilns (ILO, 2004)
- India: Small Change: Bonded Child Labor in India’s Silk Industry (Human Rights Watch, 2003)
- Brazil: Brazil’s ‘Slave’ Ranch Workers (BBC, 2005)
- Pakistan: A Rapid Assessment of Bonded Labour in Hazardous Industries in Pakistan: Glass Bangle-Making, Tanneries, and Construction (ILO, 2004)
- India: Bonded Labour in India: Its Incidence and Pattern (ILO, 2005)
- China: Chinese Migrants and Forced Labour in Europe (ILO, 2004)
- United States: Hidden Slaves: Forced Labor in the United States (Human Rights Center, 2004)
- Europe: Human Trafficking in Europe: An Economic Perspective (ILO, 2004)
- Romania: Trafficking of Migrant Workers from Romania: Issues of Labour and Sexual Exploitation (ILO, 2004)